A precise study of a rubber formulation revealed significant enhancements through strategic inclusion of polypropylene glycol, modified starch, and ZnO. At first, difficulties concerning manufacturing plus performance were mitigated by optimizing individual additive loading. Specifically, polyol served as the flexibilizer, enhancing flexibility at

A thorough evaluation of a rubber mixture showed important benefits through intelligent incorporation of polypropylene glycol, modified starch, and ZnO. At first, difficulties concerning fabrication & performance were mitigated by optimizing individual additive concentration. Notably, polyol served as the flexibilizer, improving flexibility at low